Halifax Citadel National Historic Site

A star-shaped fortress sits on the hill above downtown Halifax, and from its ramparts the whole harbour spreads out below. Halifax Citadel National Historic Site is built on Citadel Hill, the high ground that British settlers recognised as the key to the town when they founded Halifax in 1749. Several forts stood here over the following decades, and the present one, the fourth on the hill, was built between 1828 and 1856 as part of a plan to defend Halifax Harbour as a naval base against a possible attack. It never saw combat, but its massive stone and earthwork walls, ditches and gun positions were designed for a serious siege.

The Citadel has been restored to its Victorian-era appearance, and visitors will find the best way to experience it is through the living-history programme,. Costumed interpreters portray soldiers of the 78th Highlanders and the Royal Artillery, drilling on the parade ground, firing rifles and cannon, and explaining the daily life of a 19th-century garrison. The noon gun is fired every day and can be heard across the downtown, a ritual that dates back more than a century and a half. Guided tours lead through the barrack rooms, the powder magazine and the defensive tunnels, and some evenings bring ghost tours that make use of the fort's long and shadowy corridors.

The Army Museum inside the fort covers Nova Scotia's military history, including the story of the Halifax garrison, and exhibits show uniforms, weapons and equipment from different eras. From the ramparts, the views stretch over the city, the harbour, Georges Island and across to Dartmouth, and the hill is also a favourite place for a picnic on the grass. A cafe on site provides lunch and refreshments.

Visitors will find the Citadel at 5425 Sackville Street, and the hill is a short climb from the waterfront and the Old Town Clock at its foot. Operating seasons and programme details change from year to year, so check the Parks Canada website for current hours, tours and admission arrangements.

Families, history fans and anyone who likes high places will find something to enjoy. The best weather for the outdoor programmes is in summer, though the fort is open for visits in other seasons with a more limited schedule.